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10 fascinating facts about dogs

Your dog surprises you every day — and so does science. Here are ten surprising, verified truths about our four-legged companions: their extraordinary senses, the way they communicate, and a few safety reflexes that can change everything.

Dog waiting by a door: how it senses the passing of time through smell

Fact #1 — Smell

Your dog doesn't see time pass. He smells it

When you leave, the scent you leave behind fades hour after hour. Canine cognition researchers think he measures time by it: the fainter your scent, the longer you've been gone. It may be how he "senses" when you're due home.

A dog's colour vision: it mainly sees blue and yellow, not red

Fact #2 — Colours

To him, the red ball in the grass is almost invisible

A dog sees only two colours: blue and yellow. Red and green blur into a dull brown. But he catches the slightest movement and sees in light five times dimmer than yours. Pick blue or yellow toys.

Close-up of a dog's whiskers (vibrissae), true sensory organs

Fact #3 — Whiskers

His whiskers aren't hair. They're sensors

They're called vibrissae. Rooted three times deeper than ordinary hair and wired to a bundle of nerves, they read air currents and the position of nearby objects — right where his eyes can no longer focus. Shaving them at the groomer disorients him.

Dog sniffing the ground during a walk on the leash

Fact #4 — Walks

He sniffs on every walk? Don't cut him off

Sniffing is how he reads the world, and his one real way to unwind. In a 2019 study, dogs allowed to search with their nose grew more optimistic than those kept to heel. Letting him sniff lets him decompress.

Dog yawning, a calming signal that reveals discomfort

Fact #5 — Body language

He's yawning? He's not tired

Yawning, nose-licking, turning the head away: these are calming signals. He's telling you he's uncomfortable — often at the exact moment you hug him.

Sleeping dog about to be touched by a hand: never startle a dog awake

Fact #6 — Sleep

Never wake a sleeping dog by touching him

Startled mid-sleep, he can snap by reflex, with no aggression at all. Call his name and let him wake on his own. Teach this to kids, especially with an old or deaf dog.

Seated dog: dragging the rear on the floor often means full anal glands

Fact #7 — Health

Dragging his rear on the floor? It's not worms

Most of the time, his anal glands are full and bothering him. A vet empties them in two minutes. Left alone, it can turn into an abscess.

Grass awn (foxtail), a small dry seed, near a dog's paw: a summer hazard

Fact #8 — Summer

This tiny dry seed can travel through his paw

The foxtail clings to the fur, pierces the skin and moves deeper into the body. Check between the pads, under the armpits and inside the ears after every summer walk.

Double-coated dog (spitz type) with a diagram of the insulating undercoat: don't shave in summer

Fact #9 — Grooming

Never shave a double-coated dog in summer

The undercoat insulates against heat as much as cold. Shaved, he loses his sun protection and the coat may never grow back properly. Spitz, husky, Australian shepherd, golden…

Dog in a car in the sun next to a thermometer: heatstroke danger

Fact #10 — Safety

75°F outside? Your car can top 100°F in minutes

A cracked window barely helps. A dog can't sweat — he cools down only by panting. Just a few minutes can be enough for heatstroke.

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